Design
The
design phase decides how
the system will operate, in terms of the hardware, software,
and network infrastructure; the user interface, forms and reports; and the
specific programs, databases, and files that will be needed. Although most of
the strategic decisions about the system were made in the development of the
system concept during the analysis phase, the steps in the design phase
determine exactly how the system will operate. The design phase has four steps:
1.
The design strategy is
first developed. It clarifies whether the system will be developed by the
company’s own programmers, whether the system will be outsourced to another
firm (usually a consulting firm), or whether the company will buy an existing
software package.
2.
This leads to the development of the basic architecture
design for the system, which describes the
hardware, software, and network infrastructure to be used. In most cases, the
system will add or change the infrastructure that already exists in the
organization. The interface design specifies
how the users will move through the system (e.g., navigation methods such as
menus and on-screen buttons) and the forms and reports that the system will
use.
3.
The database and file specifications are
developed. These define exactly what data will be stored and where they will be
stored.
4.
The analyst team develops the program
design, which defines the programs that need to be
written and exactly what each program will do.
This
collection of deliverable s (architecture design, interface design, database and
file specifications, and program design) is the system
specification that is handed to the programming team for
implementation. At the end of the design phase, the feasibility analysis and
project plan are reexamined and revised, and another decision is made by the
project sponsor and approval committee about whether to terminate the project
or continue.
Ref: System Analysis and Design
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